Mutambo idiki diki yehuni kana strip yekadhibhodi ine musanganiswa musanganiswa wemakemikari anopisa akaiswa pane imwe mugumo. Kana iwo magumo arohwa pane yakaoma nzvimbo, kupokana kunounza kupisa kwakakwana kuti ubvise makemikari uye gadzira murazvo mudiki. Mamwe machechi, anonzi kurohwa-chero chero macheke matanho, anogona kuve anokanganiswa nekuvarova pane chero nzvimbo yakaoma. Mamwe macheki, anonzi macheya ekuchengetedza, achazivisa chete kana varohwa kana varohwa pane yakakosha yakaoma nzvimbo ine mamwe makemikari.
Muna 1831, Charles Sausi weFrance akagadzira mutambo wakashandisa chena phosphorus. Makwikwi aya airwadza-chero mitezo uye aive nyore kwazvo kuendesa. Nehurombo, ivo vaive vakanyanya kurerutsa uye vakonzera moto dzakawanda dzisina hanya. White phosphorus yakaratidzawo kuve ine chepfu. Vashandi mumitambo yekufananidza yakanangana nemapfumbamwe phosphorus yaivimba dzaiwanzotambura nekusagadzikana kunotyisa kweawbones anozivikanwa se "fossy shaya." Pasinei neiyi Hutano Hondo yakaramba ichishandiswa mukurova-chero mitezo kusvika pakutanga kwema1900s, apo chiitiko chehurumende muUnited States neEurope vakamanikidzwa kuti vatangezve kumakemikari.
Muna 1844 gustaf paseka yeSweden yakakurudzira kuisa mamwe mimwe yemitambo inosvibisa pane imwe nzvimbo inoshamisa nzvimbo, pane kuvabatanidza vese mumusoro wemutambo, sekuwedzera kwekungwarira kupokana netsaona. Pfungwa iyi-yakabatanidzwa neyakawana yeashoma-maitiro, LEDTEL RED phesporus
Woods aimboita kuti matchesticks anofanira kunge aine simba rakaringana kutora makemikari akasiyana-siyana, uye akaomarara zvakakwana kuti arambe achikwira mauto akasangana nawo kana mutambo warohwa. Vanofanirawo kuve vakarurama-vakarongeka uye vari nyore kushanda, kuitira kuti vagone kuchekwa kuita tsotso. White pine uye aspen idzo mbiri dzinozivikanwa huni dzaishandiswa pachinangwa ichi.
Kamwe chete matchisks anoumbwa, ivo vakanyudzwa muAmmonium phosphate, inova moto unodzoreredza. Izvi zvinodzivirira tsvimbo kubva pakuputa mushure mekunge mutambo wabuda. Munguva yekugadzira, iyo mhedzisiro yemugumo yemitambo yakanyudzwa muHot paraffin wax. Izvi zvinopa huwandu hushoma hwemafuta kuendesa murazvo kubva kumakemikari anopisa pamiromo kune iyo tem matchstick pachayo. Paraffin paParaffin ichipisa, iyo Ammonium phosphato mumutambo inotadzisa kumwe kurwazve.
Misoro yekurova-chero ipi zvayo machira inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri, iyo tip uye pachigadziko. Iyo tip ine musanganiswa we phosphorous sesquisulfide uye potasium chlorate. Phosphorous sesquisulfide is a trust Iyo inogadziriswa nyore nyore nekupisa kwekupokana kupokana nechisimba. Iyo potassium chlorate inopa okisijeni inodiwa kuti isimbe. Iyo tipi zvakare ine girazi rakapetwa uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa neiserler zvinyorwa zvekuwedzera kupokana uye kudzora huwandu hwakawanda. Mhuka Glue inoshandiswa kusungira makemikari pamwe chete, uye chidiki chidiki cheZinc oxide inogona kuwedzerwa kune iyo tip kuti ipe ruvara rwakachena. Iyo base ine akawanda ezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana neyekuchengetera mbichana, asi ine hushoma hwe phosphorus sesquisulfridi. Iyo ine zvakare Sarufa, Rosin, uye chidiki chidiki cheParaffin Wax kutsigira kuchema. Dhayi yemvura-inoyevedza yemvura inogona kuwedzerwa kuti ipe pasi ruvara rwakadai seblue kana bhuruu.
Misoro yemitambo yekuchengetedza inoumbwa nechikamu chimwe chete. Ivo vane Antimony Trisulfide, potasasium chlorate, sulfu, girazi remahara, inert silvers, uye mhuka glue. Ivo vanogona zvakare kusanganisira dhayedhi rine mvura. Antimony Trisulfrighide haagoni kuve nekushatirwa nekupisa kwekupokana, kunyangwe pamberi pehusiku hwemumiririri senge potassium chlorate, uye zvinoda imwe sosi yekutanga kutanga. Sevice iyoyo yekukasira inouya kubva pane inoshamisa nzvimbo, iyo yakaiswa padivi peboxbox kana pane iyo yekuvhara kwebhuku reMutambo. Iyo inoshamisa nzvimbo ine tsvuku phosphorus, girazi rakapetwa, uye kunamatira kwakadai segamu arabic kana urea formaldehyde. Kana mutambo wekuchengetedza uchikwehwa neyekupokana, kupokana kunounza kupisa kwakakwana kushandura trace yeiyo phosphorous chena. Izvi zvinokonzeresa potassium chlorate mumusoro wemutambo kuti ubudise kupisa kwakakwana kuti ubvise antimony trisulimi uye kutanga iyo yekubatanidza.
Match mebhokisi uye mabhuku echienderana zvinogadzirwa kubva kadhibhodi. Midziyo yakakora yekadhibhodi inoshandiswa kuita kuti mitambo yemabhuku inonzi muzinga.
Machesi akagadzirwa mumatanho akati wandei. Panyaya yematanda-tsvimbo matanda, matchstick anotanga kucheka, akagadzirira, uye akatamira kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Kana matchestick achidiwa, anoiswa mumakomba mune bhandi refu rakarukwa. Bhanhire rinovatumirana kuburikidza nekuzorora kwechiitiko, kwavanonyudzwa mumatangi emakemikari emakemikari, akaomeswa, uye akarongwa mumabhokisi. Cardboard-tsvimbo yemitambo inoshandiswa mumabhuku echiMaturu anogadziriswa nenzira yakafanana.
Kwete .2-1803 soubao Business Centre, No.16 South-West Rechitatu Ring Road, Beijing, China
1 Matanda emachena pine kana aspen akanyudzwa mumushini ane bhasiketi uye kutenderera zvishoma nezvishoma apo blanning blades akaderedza rukova rwekunze rwemuti.
2 iyo yakasvibiswa matanda anobva acheka muhurefu hupfupi nezve 1.6 ft (0.5 m) refu. Kureba kwega kwega kunoiswa mune peeler uye kushandisa yedurotary kucheka muchinakuumba refu, yakatetepa yehuni kubva kune yekunze kweiyo danda. Iri pepa rinenge 0,1 in (2.5 mm) gobvu uye inonzi mutserendende. Iyo peeling blade inofamba mukati medanho rekisiti yeiyo inotenderera log kusvikira chete diki, kutenderera kwasara. Iyi positi yakaraswa uye inogona kushandiswa kune mafuta kana kuderedzwa kune huni dzehuni dzekushandisa mukugadzira pepa kana chipboard.
Akabvaruka matanda anoiswa mune peeler, ayo anocheka pepa anenge 0.1 mu (2,5 mm) gobvu, anonzi veneer, kubva padanda. Iyo veneer inoenderana nechopper, inozvicheka mumiti madiki. Tsvimbo dzakanyudzwa mumhinduro yeAmonium yeAmoni Phompatese uye yakaoma, ichibvisa spliners uye yekuchema mhinduro. Makwikwi anokandwa mune yekudyira hopper, ayo anovasimudza. Bhandi rakasarudzika rinovamanikidza rinovaburitsa kumusoro vachiri kunyudzwa mumatanho matatu. Makwikwi akaomeswa kwemaminitsi makumi mashanu - matanhatu vasati varongedzwa.
3 Mashiti emutengesi anochinjika uye akadyiswa mune chopper. Iyo chopper ine akawanda anopinza maburi ayo akatema pasi kuburikidza nedanda kuti ribudise akawanda sechiuru chechiitiko chimwe chete mune imwe sitiroko.
4 Iwo akacheka matchstick akakwenenzverwa mune hombe yeVat yakazadzwa nemhinduro dzepamutemo reAmonium phosphate.
5 Pashure pavakanyudzwa kwemaminitsi akati wandei, matchstick anobviswa kubva kuVat uye akaiswa mune hombe, inotenderera chigubhu, kunge yakaoma mbichana. Chiitiko chinogumbura chiri mukati meguruva chinomera matanda uye zviito zvekupukuta uye zvakachenesa chero zvipi zvipi zvipi zvezvipenga kana makristuru emakemikari.
6 Tsvimbo dzakaomeswa dzinobva dzaiswa muhuputi uye dzinoputika kuburikidza nesimbi duct kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Mune mamwe mashandiro ematanda anounganidzwa zvakananga munzvimbo yekufananidzira pane kuenda kuimba yekuchengetedza.
7 Tsvimbo dzinoridzwa kubva kunzvimbo yekuchengetera kune bhandi rekutungamira rinovatumira kuti riiswe mumakomba kwenguva yakareba, inoenderera, yakajeka simbi bhandi. Tsvimbo dzinodzingwa mune akati wandei v-yakavezwa yekupa maHoppers anovadzidzisa nemakomba mune bhandi rakakwenenzverwa. Plunsers inosundira matchstick mumakomba akapamhidzirwa kwehupamhi hwebhandi rinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma. Bhandi rakajairika rinogona kunge riine 50-100 maburi akaparadzirwa pamhirizhonga yayo yehupamhi. Chero zvipi zvipi zvipi zvacho zvisinga zvigaro zvakasimba mumakomba anowira kunzvimbo yekubata pasi pebhandi uye dzinoendeswa kudzoka kune inopa hoppers.
8 Bhanhire rakapetwa rinobata matchstides kumusoro uye vanonyudza chikamu chepazasi cheanotso mune yekugeza yeiyo inopisa paraffin wax. Mushure mekubuda kubva kuWax, tsotso dzinobvumirwa kuoma.
9 Kupfuura nekudzika mutsara, matchstick anoiswa pamusoro pe tray akazadzwa nemamiriro ekunze emutambo wemusoro. Iyo tray inobva yasimudzwa kwenguva pfupi yekunyudza magumo ezvimedu mumhinduro. Zviuru zvinoverengeka zvinwiwa zvakabatanidzwa panguva imwe chete. Kutenderera uku kunozvidzokorora pacharo kana iyo inotevera batch yematanda iri muchinzvimbo. Kana mamaki ari kurohwa-chero nzira inoenda kune imwe tray yakazadzwa nemhinduro yemakemikari emuchero, uye iyo inoguma yanyudzwa mune iyo tray, nguva ino chete haina kunyatso. Izvi zvinopa kurohwa-chero kupi zvinoenderana nechimiro chavo chehunhu-chakasarudzika.
10 Pashure pemisoro yemutambo ikavezwa, macheki anofanirwa kuomeswa zvishoma nezvishoma kana kuti havazovhenekere zvakanaka. Bhanhire rinotsika kumusoro uye pasi kanoverengeka semitambo inooma kwemaminitsi makumi mashanu.
11 Iyo kadhibhodi yemukati uye yekunze zvikamu zvemabhokisi emabhokisi anotemwa, akadhindwa, akapetwa, uye akavezwa pamwe chete mune imwe nzvimbo. Kana bhokisi racho kuva nemitambo yekuchengetedza, makemikari emitambo mitsetse yakasanganiswa neanonamatira uye otomatiki yakachengetedzwa muchikamu chekunze chebhokisi.
12 Kana matanho akaoma, bhandi rinovaita kuti vaende kunzvimbo dzekutakura, uko vhiri rakawanda-revhiri rakaputika rinosundira mitezo yapera kubuda mumakomba ari mubhandi. Makwikwi anowira mukati maHoppers, ayo anoyera huwandu hwakakodzera hwemitambo yebhokisi rimwe nerimwe. Mitambo yacho yakabviswa kubva pamapepa mune zvemukati zvikamu zvekadhibhodi yemabhokisi emabhokisi, ayo ari kufamba aine bhanhire rebhandi rinowanikwa pazasi pemapepa. Gumi kana anopfuura mabhokisi anogona kuzadzwa panguva imwe chete.
13 Zvikamu zvekunze zvemabhokisi emitambo zvinofamba pamwe neimwe conveyor belt kumhanya kufanana nebhandi rekutanga. Ose maviri anofambisa anomira kwechinguvana, uye zvikamu zvemoyo zvemoyo zvinodururwa muzvikamu zvekunze. Kutenderera uku kwekuzadza zvikamu zvemukati uye kuvasundira mumigodhi ekunze kunodzokororwa pamwero wezve kamwe chete pane wechipiri.
14 Iwo akazadzwa mabhokisi emabhokisi anokurudzirwa nebhandi rekutarisa kune mushini, iwo mapoka adzo uye anovaisa mune yakarongedzwa kadhibhodi yekutumira.
Mhando yekudzora
Makemikari ega ega chikamu chemusoro wemutambo akaremerwa uye akayera chaizvo kuti adzivise chero mutsauko mumutambo wemutambo ungagona kukanganisa. Vanoshanda vanogara vachitarisisa kushanda uye kuongorora kuongorora chigadzirwa pamatanho ese ekugadzira. Pamusoro pekuongorora kwekuona uye mamwe maitiro akajairika ekudzora, kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa kunoda kutarisisa zvakachengeteka. Kufunga kuti panogona kuve nemitambo inodarika mamirioni anopfuura emamirioni yakabatanidzwa kune chero nguva yakashata chero nguva zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo yekushanda inofanirwa kuchengetwa kune ese masosi ekutsvagisa tsaona.
